混合十三电平逆变器调制策略及功率均衡方法

混合多电平逆变器因其能输出更多电平数且使用的开关器件较少而得到广泛应用,但对电压比为3:1:1:1混合级联H桥十三电平逆变器使用传统的载波移幅调制(phase disposition pulse width modulation,PD-PWM)策略,各单元的功率并不均衡。为了达到功率均衡的目的,文中针对混合十三电平拓扑提出了一种改进的混合调制方法,并在此基础上,进一步重构PD调制下的三角载波和调节高压单元的输出脉冲,在实验室条件下,以调制度0.9为例,3个低压单元L₁、L₂、L₃的开关损耗分别为4.6、4.4、4.2 W,开关损耗基本相等。L₁、L₂、L₃输出功率基本一致,高压单元H₁输出功率为51.7 W,3个低压单元功率均为17.2 W,高低压单元输出功率比接近3:1。仿真得到3个低压H桥单元的开关损耗相同,4个单元的功率均衡,高压和低压部分的功率开关分别工作在基频和高频状态,谐波特性良好。     

施加水平磁场下电磁声发射与裂纹指向特征分析

声发射检测方法对金属构件进行健康检测的关键问题:通过合适的载荷使得构件产生声发射信号。现阶段大部分声发射检测均采用接触式离线加载,声发射检测采用可在线检测的非接触式电磁加载。从电致位错、自由电子运动理论出发,在微观层面探究电磁声发射的机理特征;研究静磁场与涡流分布作用下电磁声发射特征差异;基于声发射信号的非平稳特征,利用希尔伯特黄变换方法分析电磁声发射特征。通过改变水平磁场激励方向,实现本征模态函数的能量比值、互相关系数、特征本征模态函数时频图与裂纹指向特征之间的关系联立。     

The firmness detection by excitation dynamic characteristics for peach

Dynamic resonance frequency based on dynamic frequency response of excited peach was determined by impact factors, such as impact orientation, detected orientation, impact velocity, impact material, and peach physical properties, such as, peach firmness, peach mass, and storage day. Analysis showed that response dominant frequency was significant affected by peach firmness, and mass. Impact orientation, detected orientation, impact velocity and impact material did not significantly affect the dominant frequency. Dominant frequency increased with peach firmness increasing, and dominant frequency decreased with increasing of the peach mass. Better relationship was obtained between dominant frequency and peach firmness or peach mass (r² = 0.827–0.842), and the stiffness coefficient regressed on Magness–Taylor firmness had a good relationship also (r² = 0.781). The peach firmness could be considered to detect by using the dynamic resonance frequency analysis.     

基于机会约束高斯混合模型的含光热电站热电联供型微网鲁棒经济调度

为了提升不确定性环境中含光热电站热电联供型微网(CSP-CHPMG)优化调度的鲁棒性,基于机会约束高斯混合模型构造风电功率预测误差和负荷预测误差的不确定性集合,以实现对调度方案鲁棒性的准确描述;将鲁棒性作为协同优化目标,并计及电能需求响应构建CSP-CHPMG鲁棒经济多目标优化调度模型,以保障调度方案的鲁棒性和经济性,实现最佳均衡协调.算例结果验证了所提方法的优越性.     

基于载波自由度的改进载波移相PWM技术

载波移相(CPS-PWM)应用于级联H桥型(CHB)多电平逆变器时,虽然各级联单元具有功率均衡的特点,但输出电压的直流电压利用率较低,且低调制度时谐波性能比较差。针对这2个问题,提出一种改进的CPS-PWM调制技术,该调制技术基于载波形状自由度,利用改进的载波代替原CPS-PWM中的三角形载波进行调制,通过状态空间平均法计算出在改进后的载波下逆变器输出电压的基波幅值和各个级联单元的输出电压,并和逆变器在CPS-PWM技术下的输出电压对比分析,改进的CPS-PWM技术可以显著地提高输出电压的直流电压利用率,改善低调制度的谐波性能,且和CPS-PWM技术一样,各级联单元输出功率能够实现自然均衡。该调制技术以CHB型五电平逆变器为例,通过实验、仿真验证了该技术的正确性。     

电力机车PET中直流母线电压的大信号建模及分析

为了准确分析电力电子变压器在大信号扰动下的动态特性,给出一种基于功率平衡的回转器建模方法。利用该方法对额定容量为3 MW的电力电子变压器进行了建模,并与传统的开关模型进行了比较分析。仿真结果表明,基于功率平衡的回转器建模方法具有实用性和有效性。该模型不仅可以精确反映系统在大信号扰动下的行为特性,而且可以减低仿真时间。为了实现前后级直流母线电压的解耦控制,提出了电压前馈补偿策略。在此基础上,建立了母线电压的统一时域解析方程,定量分析了在大信号扰动下系统参数对各直流母线电压的影响,给出了关系曲线,为各模块控制器的设计提供了准则。     

基于负载电流前馈的级联H桥整流器直流电压平衡策略

针对级联H桥整流器输出电压平衡问题,采用比例脉冲补偿法进行了建模和分析,分析了负载电流扰动对平衡环节的影响,给出了扰动下系统跌落值和调整时间与系统动态指标之间的关系曲线。针对比例脉冲补偿法在负载大范围切换时动态特性差的问题,通过将负载电流引入平衡控制环路,提出了一种基于比例脉冲补偿法的负载电流前馈电压平衡控制策略,其可以在不影响原闭环系统稳定性的基础上,大幅提高平衡控制器的动态特性,并给出了电压平衡比例-积分(PI)控制器参数的设计公式。最后,基于级联H桥整流器的仿真模型和实验样机进行了比较测试,结果显示所提方法在切载情况下各单元之间的最大电压差降低了23 V,调整时间减小了75%。     

配电网监测数据微批处理的血统链标记容错法

针对分布式配电自动化系统存在数据量井喷、海量监测数据缺乏高效的分布式故障容错机制的问题,提出一种血统链标记容错新方法。利用弹性分布式数据集、微批计算的记录级容错和血统链标记序列融合处理的设计技巧,实现了分布式数据容错中血统链的追溯和条件标记的自动选择。以铁路配电网监测采集的数据为算例,搭建了4机集群的调度监控平台进行容错测试。以发生频次最高的单数据节点故障为例,测试结果表明:对于包含3×10~6条监测数据记录的弹性分布式数据集,血统链标记容错模型的集群CPU平均占用率波动小于1.5%,磁盘占用率下降4.2%;当迭代次数达到600、800次时,迭代运算耗时分别降低24.3%和42.9%;所提方法实现500 ms流处理延时的同时,对集群资源的使用情况也具有较好的优化效果,验证了该方法对分布式集群容错的有效性。     

Complex dynamics of a 4D Hopfield neural networks (HNNs) with a nonlinear synaptic weight: Coexistence of multiple attractors and remerging Feigenbaum trees

This contribution investigates the nonlinear dynamics of a model of a 4D Hopfield neural networks (HNNs) with a nonlinear synaptic weight. The investigations show that the proposed HNNs model possesses three equilibrium points (the origin and two nonzero equilibrium points) which are always unstable for the set of synaptic weights matrix used to analyze the equilibria stability. Numerical simulations, carried out in terms of bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponents graph, phase portraits and frequency spectra, are used to highlight the rich and complex phenomena exhibited by the model. These rich nonlinear dynamic behaviors include period doubling bifurcation, chaos, periodic window, antimonotonicity (i.e. concurrent creation and annihilation of periodic orbits) and coexistence of asymmetric self-excited attractors (e.g. coexistence of two and three disconnected periodic and chaotic attractors). Finally, PSpice simulations are used to confirm the results of the theoretical analysis.     

A new relative chain code in 3D

A new chain code to represent 3D discrete curves is proposed. The method is based on a search for relative changes in the 3D Euclidean space, composed of three main vectors: a reference vector, a support vector, and a change direction vector, utilized to obtain a directed simple path in a grid of 26 connected components. A set of rotation transformations is defined in the 3D Euclidean space, and an alphabet of only 25 symbols is required to represent any face, edge or vertex-connected discrete curve. Important properties of this code are found: independence under translation, rotation and mirror transformations, as well as high compression levels. A set of 3D curve-skeletons and digital elevation model data to study the terrain were utilized to prove the proposed code. Compared with the state-of-the-art, our method has more advantages: at first, it represents voxelized paths independently of vicinity, also it gives better representation for the tested objects and detects better the redundant parts. This fact is shown in the entropy calculated for 3D curve-skeletons: our method gives 3.03 bits/symbol, whereas the state-of-the-art method gives 4.35 bits/symbol. On the other hand, our proposed chain code uses 23% less memory than the well known Freeman code of 26 directions. In case of digital elevation models, our method improves memory for 36.1% regarding Freeman code and 10.7% regarding the well known relative code called orthogonal direction change chain code. Finally, average length of the chain code proposed is 14% shorter than the relative code of the state-of-the-art.